{"id":2695,"date":"2022-12-18T10:14:05","date_gmt":"2022-12-18T18:14:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=2695"},"modified":"2022-12-18T10:28:29","modified_gmt":"2022-12-18T18:28:29","slug":"monaco","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=2695","title":{"rendered":"Monaco"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2695\" class=\"elementor elementor-2695\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69fa35ce elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69fa35ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-47585e84\" 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elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1fce36\" data-id=\"c1fce36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-deafc63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"deafc63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"146\" src=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WyomingWorkingGroup-logo-HL-3000px-1024x147.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2028\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WyomingWorkingGroup-logo-HL-3000px-1024x147.png 1024w, https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/WyomingWorkingGroup-logo-HL-3000px-300x43.png 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class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-735\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=717\" class=\"elementor-sub-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Scientific Research<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-725\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=722\" class=\"elementor-sub-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Materials Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1929\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=1913\" class=\"elementor-sub-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Restoration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-743\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=737\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Exhibitions<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2711\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=737\" class=\"elementor-sub-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Azusa Pacific<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2710\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=2695\" class=\"elementor-sub-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Monaco<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2144\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=2105\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Paintings-Gallery<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1054\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=1017\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Book<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1182\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pollocksparadigm.com\/?page_id=66\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contact<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-35fa27d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"35fa27d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33b9fe68\" data-id=\"33b9fe68\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e561a7f\" data-id=\"6e561a7f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6acf889 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6acf889\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba136ed\" data-id=\"ba136ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-355d8f6\" data-id=\"355d8f6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18e45e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18e45e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"title_outer title_without_animation\" data-height=\"200\"><div class=\"title title_size_small position_left\"><div class=\"title_holder\"><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"container_inner clearfix\"><div class=\"title_subtitle_holder\"><h4>JACKSON POLLOCK: A MASTER OF CHAOS AND ORDER<\/h4><p>By Sarah El Khaldi &#8211; ArtMonaco Magazine 2014<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"container\"><div class=\"container_inner\"><div class=\"blog_holder blog_single\"><article id=\"post-15621\" class=\"post-15621 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-uncategorized tag-american tag-art tag-artist tag-david-alfaro-siqueiros tag-jackson-pollock tag-krasner-pollock-fondation tag-love-affair tag-new-york-city tag-nyc tag-usa\"><div class=\"post_content_holder\"><div class=\"post_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-full wp-post-image\" src=\"https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1299px) 100vw, 1299px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6.jpg 1299w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6-420x274.jpg 420w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6-744x486.jpg 744w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6-1200x784.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6-400x260.jpg 400w\" alt=\"M6\" width=\"527\" height=\"345\" \/><\/div><div>\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"post_text\"><div class=\"post_text_inner\"><p>In the days following the end of the Second World War, the words of German poet Theodor Adorno reverberated throughout the world of the arts, from the literary to the visual. The nihilistic spasms of humanity, the absurdity of life, and war triggered the world of Western arts into an era of profound transformations. Abstract Expressionism, the first American artistic paradigm with international influence, was born out of a rejection of European modernism and the emergence of a stern artistic brutalism, influenced by the tensions in international relations at the time. Pollock belongs to this New York School, which took control of artistic theory in the context of bipolar global politics of the Cold War.<\/p><p>The power of Pollock\u2019s work and the myth around his life are still evident today. Fifty years after his death, some paintings attributed to the artist are not recognized by the Krasner-Pollock Foundation, an institution established by Pollock\u2019s estranged wife and fellow Abstract Expressionist artist, Lee Krasner. Sometime before Pollock\u2019s death, he and Krasner had separated, and she was contemplating putting an end to her unhappy marriage.<\/p><p>Passion, love affairs, and a clash of egos. To this day, Pollock\u2019s tumultuous life continues to fascinate the world of arts.<\/p><p>In New York City in the 1940s, Jackson Pollock was introduced to liquid paint and the pouring method by Mexican muralist painter David Alfaro Siqueiros. He combined this pouring technique with others, and he articulated his innovative vision into the Male and Female and Composition with Pouring I paintings in 1943. An authentically American creative process, the pouring method Pollock developed was directly influenced by the Navajo sand painting tradition.<\/p><p>When he turned to dripping, Pollock freed himself from easels and laid down his canvases on the ground so he could pour out his genius and his acrylic paint in the form of drops and droplets. The painter gave his utmost attention to the selection of tools and materials, their textures, viscosity, and fluidity. Liberated from artistic norms and conventions, Pollock explored new opportunities through the use of hardened brushes, wooden sticks and even syringes as vehicles for paint application. Even if his paintings may appear, at first sight, chaotic and frenetic, the painter\u2019s unique technique was elaborate, intricate, precise, and artfully mastered.<\/p><p>Pollock\u2019s paintings are considered to be the first manifestations of Action Painting, where the subject of the art piece becomes the fundamental and conscious choice of the artist. He executed his vision without initial drawings and through using choreography \u2013 like a dancing ritual around the altar of a white canvas flattened out on the ground. In a perfect symbiosis with the paint, the painter\u2019s movements and the laws of gravity worked in unison to create revolutionary art.<\/p><p>The direction of a line, the color of a droplet, and the position of shapes, forms, and empty spaces.<\/p><p>Rather than hesitations, we see assertions and conscious decisions where lines are melding and covering one another. It is truly an internal dialogue that is represented on the canvas. The transcript of this introspective conversation in the mind of the painter is reproduced drop by drop, line by line, and point by point.<\/p><p>The temptation to summarise Pollock\u2019s work as a spontaneous and spasmodic expression of his passion has seduced many. Numerous interpretations of his art have reduced it to a product derived from an unarticulated and self-destructive process possessing his soul.<\/p><p>Indeed, Pollock is characterized by an explosive fury that guided his life and his art. However, beyond that, Pollock was consciously soliciting every part of his body and mind when he splashed, dripped and poured domestic acrylic paints. When we admire the painter&#8217;s work today we can picture him moving, jumping and leaping around the cotton canvas.<\/p><p>Many films and photographs dating to the 1950s have immortalized Pollock\u2019s performances in his studio. These moments, captured on film for posterity, are considered by many art historians to be the foundational ones of Abstract Expressionism and American Modern Art.<\/p><p>Pollock\u2019s artistic revolution generated many debates among art critics of the time. Famous American art critic Clement Greenberg, undoubtedly influenced by classical conventions, saw Pollock\u2019s work as art only when it was displayed in its verticality. On the other hand, fellow art critic Harold Rosenberg understood the stylistic risks and the revolutionary process Pollock was experimenting with. To Rosenberg, once the paint had dried on the canvas, the painting was merely a fossil of Pollock\u2019s genius.<\/p><p>Pollock\u2019s brilliant career had led him to the frontiers of his own creative vision.<\/p><p>But his personal life was not as brilliant, and in the 1950s, alcoholism and infidelity pushed Krasner to leave her husband and settle in Europe. Shortly afterwards, Pollock\u2019s pictorial revolution was abruptly ended when he died in a tragic car crash in 1956. His mistress Ruth Klingman survived the accident.<\/p><p>Following the death of her husband, Krasner returned to the United States and publicly stated her husband had not been painting in the last years of his life, intentionally depriving his latest works of their artistic authenticity and credibility. How could Krasner be so sure of herself, given she had left her husband and didn\u2019t have any information on his latest projects? Many have criticized her for the tight control she had over Pollock\u2019s life and artistic production. Following the death of Pollock, Krasner also took control over the narrative of her marriage and depicted her late husband as an unfaithful drunk. Fritz Bultman, fellow artist close to the couple, reported the following: \u201cLee was in control towards the end and very manipulative, just as she was not in favor of books about Jackson she could not control. The rewriting of Jackson\u2019s history has been done on the basis of retelling her story.\u201d<\/p><p>Soon after his death, it seemed many works allegedly painted by Pollock resurfaced on the art market. His style was certainly deemed more easily imitated than Renaissance and classical paintings, and many copies were created by forgers. Authentication of these paintings alongside other authentic pieces posed a huge challenge, given that Pollock rarely signed his work.<\/p><p>In the midst of these developments, Dr Armin Hershkowitx, a New York-based Abstract Expressionist art collector, acquired a small private collection of paintings from a woman seeking to withhold her name. Unable to find any buyer for this collection, Hershkowitz sold it to Gabor Nemeth, a fellow collector and art conservation specialist, in the 1960s.<\/p><p>Nemeth kept some items, sold a few for a low price, and some were stolen from his conservation storage. One of these paintings he had sold in the 1970s, to a West Coast furniture designer, received formal authentication by Lee Krasner. Hearing of the news many years later, Nemeth sought to obtain the same stamp of authentication for each of the Pollock pieces.<\/p><p>In 1985 the Pollock Krasner foundation was founded by Krasner to celebrate her late husband and to encourage artistic endeavor around the world. However, beyond patronage, the Foundation also aimed at authenticating Pollock\u2019s work and establishing a catalog raisonn\u00e9 through the Board of Authentication, which operated from 1990 to 1996. When Nemeth tried to approach the Board in 2002, this brand of the Foundation had been disbanded following many legal disputes and a public controversy that had captivated the art world.<\/p><p>Nonetheless, technological advances and the keen interest of a community of forensic scientists allowed for the emergence of new authentication techniques, such as DNA cross-analysis or fingerprint analysis \u2013 from the sample of Pollock\u2019s cousin, scientists could compare the Pollock family DNA with that of hairs found in the paintings.<\/p><p>In addition, mathematical tools were employed to analyze patterns and fractals in identified Pollock paintings and unsigned works. Dr Richard Taylor, leading this team of experts, published his findings in the prestigious scientific journal Nature: \u201cthe larger fractals are, in a way, the painter\u2019s movement signature, his imprints. The smaller fractals are also evidence of the painter\u2019s decisions: the distance of the body to the canvas, the fluidity of the paint or the angle and strength of its trajectory\u201d.<\/p><p>Hence, despite the silence of the Krasner Pollock Foundation, many inspired individuals hailing from various professional fields have contributed to the preservation of Pollock\u2019s legacy, once threatened by a saddened and revengeful soul. The paintings from the aforementioned private collection is showcased at Art Monaco 2015. We will be visiting it like the relics of one of the greatest controversies of the history of art.<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-15625 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6-420x274.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6-420x274.jpg 420w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6-744x486.jpg 744w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6-1200x784.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6-400x260.jpg 400w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/M6.jpg 1299w\" alt=\"M6\" width=\"420\" height=\"274\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/E7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-15624 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/E7-420x273.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/E7-420x273.jpg 420w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/E7-744x484.jpg 744w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/E7-400x260.jpg 400w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/E7.jpg 956w\" alt=\"E7\" width=\"420\" height=\"273\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/C2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-15623 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/C2-420x228.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/C2-420x228.png 420w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/C2.png 628w\" alt=\"C2\" width=\"420\" height=\"228\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/B2-JP-Closeup.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-15622 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/B2-JP-Closeup-420x317.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/B2-JP-Closeup-420x317.jpg 420w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/B2-JP-Closeup-744x561.jpg 744w, https:\/\/artmonacomagazine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/B2-JP-Closeup-1200x905.jpg 1200w\" alt=\"SAMSUNG DIGITAL CAMERA\" width=\"420\" height=\"317\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><em>\u201cAbstract Expressionism, the first American artistic paradigm with international influence, was born out of a rejection of European modernism and the emergence of a stern artistic brutalism\u201d<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u201cIn a perfect symbiosis with the paint, the painter\u2019s movements and the laws of gravity worked in unison to create revolutionary art.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u201cPollock\u2019s brilliant career led him to the frontiers of his own creative vision.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u201cNumerous interpretations of his art have reduced it to a production derived from an unarticulated and self-destructive process possessing his soul.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u201cthe larger fractals are, in a way, the painter\u2019s movement signature, his imprints. The smaller fractals are also evidence of the painter\u2019s decisions: the distance of the body to the canvas, the fluidity of the paint or the angle and strength of its trajectory\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9a0f48e\" data-id=\"9a0f48e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a86e195\" data-id=\"3a86e195\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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all rights reserved.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e85f380\" data-id=\"e85f380\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JACKSON POLLOCK: A MASTER OF CHAOS AND ORDER By Sarah El Khaldi &#8211; ArtMonaco Magazine 2014 \u00a0 In the days following the end of the Second World War, the words of German poet Theodor Adorno reverberated throughout the world of the arts, from the literary to the visual. 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